Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body. Effective diagnosis and treatment are crucial for controlling TB, preventing its spread, and ensuring complete recovery. Our clinic offers comprehensive TB management, from initial diagnosis to long-term treatment.
Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of TB involves a combination of clinical evaluation and diagnostic tests:
Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): These tests help determine if a person has been exposed to TB bacteria. The TST involves a small injection of purified protein derivative (PPD) into the skin, while IGRAs are blood tests that measure the immune response to TB antigens.
Chest X-Ray: Used to detect lung abnormalities consistent with active TB disease, such as cavitary lesions or infiltrates.
Sputum Smear and Culture: Analysis of sputum samples for the presence of TB bacteria confirms an active infection. Sputum cultures are crucial for identifying drug-resistant strains and guiding appropriate treatment.
Treatment
The treatment of TB involves a combination of antibiotics over an extended period to ensure the bacteria are fully eradicated:
First-Line Medications: The standard regimen includes a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide, typically administered for 6-9 months.
Drug-Resistant TB: For cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR-TB) or extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB), treatment may involve more complex regimens with second-line drugs and longer durations of therapy.
Monitoring and Support
Regular follow-up visits are essential to monitor treatment progress, manage side effects, and ensure adherence to the prescribed regimen. We provide ongoing support, including patient education and counseling, to help individuals complete their treatment and achieve a successful recovery.
Preventive Measures
In addition to treating active TB, we emphasize preventive strategies to reduce the risk of transmission, such as proper infection control measures, vaccination (BCG vaccine where applicable), and education on avoiding close contact with others during the infectious period.
Our comprehensive approach to TB diagnosis and treatment ensures effective management of the disease, promoting better health outcomes and preventing the spread of TB within the community.
Dr. G. Venkata Lakshmi is a dedicated Consultant Interventional Pulmonologist, specializing in Pulmonary Medicine, Sleep Medicine, and Critical Care. With 8 years of professional experience, she is an expert in diagnosing and treating complex respiratory diseases and chronic ailments.
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